PEX Plumbing Pipe: Everything You Need to Know

PEX plumbing pipe has gained tremendous popularity in recent years due to its many pros over traditional plumbing materials. It is a flexible, durable, and versatile solution that offers homeowners and contractors a cost-effective and efficient plumbing option. This comprehensive article covers everything you need to know about PEX plumbing pipes, including their benefits, types, installation, common problems, costs, and frequently asked questions.

Advantages of Using PEX Plumbing Pipe

There are several compelling reasons why PEX plumbing pipe has become increasingly popular among homeowners, plumbers, and contractors.

Firstly, PEX plumbing pipe is highly flexible, allowing easy installation even in tight spaces. Its flexibility eliminates the need for complex and time-consuming fittings, reducing labor costs and installation time. Moreover, PEX plumbing pipe is resistant to bursting and freezing, making it the best choice for cold climates.

Secondly, PEX plumbing pipe is highly durable and resistant to corrosion. PEX plumbing pipes uphold their integrity over time, unlike metal pipes, which can rust. This durability translates into fewer leaks and repairs, saving homeowners and businesses both time and money.

Lastly, PEX plumbing pipe is a safe option for plumbing systems. It’s non-toxic and doesn’t release harmful chemicals into the water supply. Additionally, the PEX plumbing pipe is resistant to scale buildup, ensuring a consistent water flow and minimizing the risk of clogs.

Types of PEX Plumbing Pipe

There are three main types of PEX plumbing pipe: PEX-A, PEX-B, and PEX-C. Each type has its unique characteristics and benefits.

PEX-A is the most flexible and commonly used type of PEX plumbing pipe. It is manufactured through the Engel method, which involves cross-linking polyethylene molecules during extrusion. This results in a pipe with excellent flexibility, making it easy to maneuver and install. PEX-A is also highly resistant to bursting and can withstand high temperatures.

PEX-B is manufactured using the Silane method, where cross-linking occurs after extrusion. This type of PEX plumbing pipe has good flexibility and is suitable for cold and hot water applications. It is also more affordable compared to PEX-A.

PEX-C is made using the electron beam method, which balances flexibility and cost-effectiveness. It has a slightly lower cross-linking density than PEX-A and PEX-B but still offers excellent performance and durability. PEX-C is often used in residential and commercial plumbing systems.

Which is Better – PEX or Copper?

PEX offers several advantages compared to copper pipes:

Cost-effectiveness: PEX is more affordable than copper, with half-inch PEX tubing costing approximately one-third the price of copper. While there’s an initial investment in purchasing a special tool for fitting installation for medium-to-large plumbing projects, the overall cost savings with PEX usually outweigh those of copper.
Faster installation: PEX fittings can be installed more quickly than copper. Using a manifold and ‘home-run’ system makes installation incredibly fast and simple, akin to connecting a garden hose to each fixture. Even with a conventional main line and branch system, connecting with PEX fittings is faster than soldering copper.
Corrosion resistance: Unlike copper, a PEX supply is not prone to corrosion, making it ideal for areas with acidic water. PEX remains unaffected by acidic water, making it a superior choice in such environments.

Do I Need Special Tools?

Yes! Special tools are necessary when making connections with PEX plumbing. While stab-in or compression fittings can be used, they are often too costly for larger projects. For most DIYers, two affordable connection methods are crimp rings and cinch clamps.

Crimp rings are metal bands, typically made of copper, placed over the fitting, and compressed using a crimp ring tool. One drawback is that separate crimping tools are needed for different sizes of fittings rather than a universal tool with interchangeable inserts.

Cinch clamps function similarly to traditional band clamps. With cinch clamps, you slip the clamp over the fitting tab and tighten it using a cinch clamp tool. We recommend the one-handed version for its ease of use, allowing you to hold the ring in place with one hand while tightening it with the other. Additionally, a scissors-like cutter is needed to cut the PEX tubing.

Installation Process for PEX Plumbing Pipe

Installing PEX plumbing pipe is relatively straightforward, making it a popular choice for DIY enthusiasts. Here is a step-by-step guide to the installation process:

Planning and Preparation: Begin by determining the layout and size of your plumbing system. Measure and cut the PEX pipe to the required lengths, considering any bends or fittings.
Shut Off Water Supply: To ensure a safe working environment before installing shut off the main water supply.
Prepare Fittings: If using PEX fittings, ensure they are compatible with your PEX pipe type. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for preparing the fittings, such as expanding or crimping.
Connect PEX Pipe and Fittings: Use the appropriate method to connect the PEX pipe and fittings, such as expansion, crimping, or push-fit connections. Ensure a secure and watertight connection.
Pressure Test: Once the installation is complete, perform a pressure test to check for leaks. Follow local plumbing codes and regulations for the pressure testing procedure.
Insulate: Insulate the PEX pipe, especially in areas exposed to extreme temperatures, to prevent heat loss and reduce the risk of freezing.

It is important to note that while PEX plumbing pipe installation is relatively simple, consulting a professional plumber for complex projects or when dealing with a significant plumbing system is always recommended.

Common Issues with PEX Plumbing Pipes and How to Troubleshoot Them

While PEX plumbing pipe is known for its reliability, a few common issues may arise. Here are some of the most common issues and troubleshooting tips:

Leaking Connections: If you notice a leak at a connection point, it may be due to improper installation or a damaged fitting. Double-check the connection for any signs of damage or misalignment. If necessary, replace the fitting or consult a professional plumber for assistance.
Kinks or Bends: PEX pipe is highly flexible but can still develop kinks or bends if not handled properly during installation. To fix this issue, carefully straighten the affected area or replace the damaged section if necessary.
Freezing: Although PEX pipe has excellent freeze resistance, extreme cold temperatures can still cause it to freeze. If you suspect frozen pipes, thaw them immediately using a heat source or consult a professional plumber to prevent any potential damage.
Scaling or Corrosion: While PEX pipe is resistant to scaling and corrosion, water quality issues or improper installation can still lead to these problems. Regularly monitor your water quality and consult an expert plumber if you notice any signs of scaling or corrosion.
Noise and Vibration: PEX plumbing pipe is known for its quiet operation. Excessive noise or vibration may indicate an issue with water pressure or a loose fitting. Check the water pressure and ensure all fittings are securely tightened.

Remember, if you encounter any vital issues or are unsure how to troubleshoot a problem, you should consult a professional plumber for guidance and assistance.

Cost Considerations of Using PEX Plumbing Pipe

Cost is important when choosing any plumbing material, and PEX plumbing pipe offers several cost advantages. Its cost is relatively lower than that of traditional materials such as copper or stainless steel. Additionally, the ease of installation and labor cost savings contribute to its cost-effectiveness.

Moreover, PEX plumbing pipe requires fewer fittings and connectors due to its flexibility, reducing the additional components needed for installation. This reduction in fittings saves costs and minimizes the risk of leaks and potential maintenance expenses in the long run.

It is essential to note that while PEX plumbing pipe offers cost advantages, the overall cost will based on factors like the plumbing system’s size, the installation’s complexity, and local market prices. You should get quotes from multiple suppliers and consult with professional plumbers to get an accurate cost estimate for your specific project.

How can I connect PEX fittings to my current pipe?

There are several methods for connecting PEX fittings. One of the easiest ways to do this is to cut out a section of plumbing pipe and insert a stab-in tee, with SharkBite being a common brand for this type of fitting. This method removes the need for soldering, which can save a significant amount of time. However, it’s important to check with your plumbing inspector before burying this connection in a wall or ceiling, as some areas may not allow stab-in fittings to be concealed.

An alternative approach involves soldering a tee and a PEX supply adapter, then sliding the PEX supply tubing over the adapter and securing it using your preferred connection method. Additionally, you can use a stab-in tee to connect PEX fittings to CPVC. Read the label to find the one that fits your specific application.

Is it necessary to use manifolds with PEX?

No, you don’t have to use manifolds with PEX, but they offer significant advantages. Without manifolds, you would install PEX fittings supply similar to other pipe systems, using main lines and branches to each fixture. However, this approach requires many fittings, reducing some of the benefits of using PEX.

With the home-run system, you place a manifold close to the main water line and water heater, then connect individual PEX tubes to each fixture. This method uses more tubing but is efficient, requiring only two connections: one at the manifold and one at the fixture end.

An alternative choice is a hybrid system wherein you run three-quarter-inch hot and cold lines to a cluster of fixtures, like a bathroom, and set up a smaller manifold concealed behind an access panel. You then make shorter runs of one-half-inch PEX tubing to each fixture. Manifolds simplify plumbing and reduce leaks by eliminating the need for extra fittings between the main supply line and fixtures.

Does it Meet the Code?

Since there’s no single national plumbing code, it’s essential to consult your local inspector before commencing any PEX plumbing project to ensure compliance with specific local regulations.

Must I Follow Color Coding?

PEX tubing typically comes in red and blue to distinguish hot and cold lines, but if preferred, using white PEX for both is also an option.

How Reliable is PEX?

PEX has a proven track record of reliability, having been utilized for decades in various countries without significant issues. Problems encountered often stem from improper installation or faulty fittings rather than inherent flaws in the tubing itself.

Can PEX be Linked to a Water Heater?

Direct connection of PEX to a water heater isn’t recommended. Instead, extend a pipe 18 inches from the water heater and connect the PEX to this pipe.

Which Tubing Should I Use for Interior Water Lines?

Three grades of PEX are used for water lines: PEX-A, PEX-B, and PEX-C. They are manufactured differently, with PEX-A being slightly more flexible. When ordering online, it’s worth spending a few extra cents for PEX-A, but it’s unnecessary to search extensively for it locally. The plumbers we contacted mentioned they were comfortable using any type in their homes. PEX is also commonly used for in-floor radiant heating systems, but you need PEX tubing with an oxygen barrier for this application.

How Do I Connect PEX to My Plumbing Fixtures?

There are various methods for connecting plumbing fixtures. You can use a copper stub-out for a more aesthetically pleasing look for visible connections, such as under a wall-hung sink. Attach a compression-type shutoff valve to the half-inch copper stub-out, then connect your fixture. In concealed areas, like under a kitchen sink or vanity cabinet, you can run the PEX supply directly to the shutoff valve to eliminate a joint. Use a drop-ear bend support to hold the tubing in a tight bend. There are also shutoff valves available that connect directly to PEX.

Using a manifold system with valves may eliminate the need to install a shutoff valve at the fixture. However, adding one is recommended for convenience, as it doesn’t significantly increase the cost and makes it easier to shut off the water for repairs.

What About Expansion?

PEX tubing expands and contracts more than copper, so avoid stretching it tightly. Allow some slack between fasteners to accommodate these movements. Consider installing a loop, as shown, for long runs to account for contraction. This loop also serves as a handy source of extra tubing if needed. Because PEX moves as it expands and contracts, ensure that holes drilled through studs or joists are slightly larger to allow easy sliding. Instead of metal straps, use plastic straps to secure the tubing.

Will PEX Break or Split if it Freezes?

PEX is unlikely to break or split if it freezes. While manufacturers may not explicitly confirm this, real-world experiences indicate that PEX can endure freezing temperatures. However, safeguarding the tubing from freezing is still essential. PEX is less prone to damage than rigid piping because it can expand and contract.

FAQs

Is PEX plumbing pipe suitable for both residential and commercial applications?

Yes, PEX plumbing pipe is suitable for both residential and commercial applications. Its flexibility, durability, and cost-effectiveness make it an excellent choice for various plumbing projects.

Can PEX plumbing pipe be used for both hot and cold water supply?

Yes, PEX plumbing pipe can be used for hot and cold water supply. It has excellent temperature resistance and can withstand high temperatures without compromising its integrity.

Is the PEX plumbing pipe safe for drinking water?

Yes, the PEX plumbing pipe is safe for drinking water. It is approved by regulatory bodies such as NSF and meets all necessary standards for potable water applications.

Can PEX plumbing pipe be used in exposed outdoor applications?

While PEX plumbing pipe is suitable for outdoor use, it should be protected from direct sunlight. UV rays can degrade the pipe over time, reducing its performance and lifespan.

Can PEX plumbing pipes be connected to existing plumbing systems?

Yes, PEX plumbing pipes can be connected to existing plumbing systems. Various transition fittings are available to connect PEX pipes to copper, PVC, or other types of plumbing pipes.

Conclusion

PEX plumbing pipe offers many advantages over traditional plumbing materials, making it a favored choice for homeowners and contractors. Its flexibility, durability, freeze resistance, and cost-effectiveness make it an attractive solution for various plumbing applications. It can be understood by understanding the advantages, types, installation process, common issues, maintenance, and cost considerations of PEX plumbing pipes. Remember to consult a professional plumber for complex projects or when in doubt. Embrace the benefits of PEX plumbing pipe and ensure an efficient and reliable plumbing system for your home or business.

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